Also known as: fuze, shell fuze.
| Function | Detonates an explosive projectile at the intended moment |
|---|---|
| Classes | Time, percussion, combination, concussion |
| Selection | Chosen for the range, target, and projectile in use |
| UXO note | Fuzed projectiles may still be live; treat as hazardous |
The four classes
Civil War artillery fuzes came in many sizes, shapes, and varieties, but every fuzing system falls into one of four classes: time, percussion, combination, and concussion. The choice depended on the range to the target, the type of target, and the projectile in use, and in some cases the fuzing was built into the projectile the artillerist had on hand.
A time fuze burns for a set interval and bursts the shell in the air over or among the target. A percussion fuze detonates on impact. A combination fuze offers both a timed function and an impact function in one device. A concussion fuze relies on the shock of firing or striking to act. Only shell, case shot, and other explosive projectiles were fuzed; solid shot and bolts were not.
Identification and safety
Recovered fuzes are identified by class, material, form, threads or seating, graduations, and maker's characteristics. Because a fuzed projectile can still contain a live charge and an intact igniting train, any suspected shell or fuze must be treated as hazardous until evaluated by qualified explosive-ordnance professionals.
On this site
Sources & further reading
- Melton, Jack W., Jr. Civil War Artillery Projectiles: The Half Shell Book. Blue Ridge, GA: Historical Publications LLC, 2018.
- United States Army, Ordnance Department. The Ordnance Manual for the Use of the Officers of the United States Army. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1862.
- Benton, James G. A Course of Instruction in Ordnance and Gunnery. 2nd ed. New York: D. Van Nostrand, 1862.
- Hackley, Frank W. Civil War Explosive Ordnance. Revised November 10, 1960. U.S. Naval School, Explosive Ordnance Disposal.